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AI-powered transcription tools are often marketed as faster and cheaper alternatives to human transcription. But when it comes to medico-legal work, accuracy isn’t just important—it’s critical. The problem? AI lacks the nuanced understanding of human professionals, leading to dangerous errors in transcriptions. A single misheard term could result in a misdiagnosis, legal misinterpretation, or even patient harm. Here are 20 commonly confused medico-legal terms that AI transcription tools often get wrong:

1. Hypertension vs. Hypertensive Crisis

  • Hypertension = high blood pressure
  • Hypertensive Crisis = a life-threatening emergency

2. Metastasis vs. Metastable

  • Metastasis = the spread of cancer
  • Metastable = a physics term unrelated to medicine

3. Myocardial Infarction vs. Myocardial Infraction

  • Myocardial Infarction = heart attack
  • Myocardial Infraction = an incorrect term that means nothing

4. Neurology vs. Nephrology

  • Neurology = study of the nervous system
  • Nephrology = study of the kidneys

5. Sepsis vs. Septicemia

  • Sepsis = the body’s extreme response to an infection
  • Septicemia = an infection in the blood

6. Hypoglycemia vs. Hyperglycemia

  • Hypoglycemia = low blood sugar
  • Hyperglycemia = high blood sugar

7. Anxiety vs. Angina

  • Anxiety = mental health condition
  • Angina = chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart

8. Aneurysm vs. Arrhythmia

  • Aneurysm = ballooning of a blood vessel
  • Arrhythmia = irregular heartbeat

9. Dysphagia vs. Dysphasia

  • Dysphagia = difficulty swallowing
  • Dysphasia = difficulty speaking

10. Cervical vs. Cerebral

  • Cervical = relating to the neck or cervix
  • Cerebral = relating to the brain

11. Ejection Fraction vs. Injection Fraction

  • Ejection Fraction = a measure of heart function
  • Injection Fraction = an incorrect, non-medical term

12. Polyp vs. Pulp

  • Polyp = abnormal tissue growth
  • Pulp = soft tissue inside a tooth

13. Prophylaxis vs. Paralysis

  • Prophylaxis = preventative treatment
  • Paralysis = loss of movement

14. Tinnitus vs. Tendinitis

  • Tinnitus = ringing in the ears
  • Tendinitis = inflammation of a tendon

15. Trauma vs. Thrombosis

  • Trauma = physical or emotional injury
  • Thrombosis = formation of a blood clot

16. Bowel vs. Bile

  • Bowel = part of the digestive system
  • Bile = digestive fluid from the liver

17. Carcinoma vs. Sarcoma

  • Carcinoma = cancer of epithelial cells
  • Sarcoma = cancer of connective tissue

18. Abduction vs. Adduction

  • Abduction = movement away from the body
  • Adduction = movement towards the body

19. Hyperplasia vs. Hypertrophy

  • Hyperplasia = increase in cell number
  • Hypertrophy = increase in cell size

20. Acute vs. Chronic

  • Acute = sudden onset
  • Chronic = long-lasting condition

Why AI Gets It Wrong – and Why It Matters

AI transcription tools rely on machine learning and pattern recognition. But they struggle with: ✔ Strong accents and dialectsOverlapping speech or background noiseContext-dependent medical and legal terminologyComplex sentence structures Unlike AI, human transcriptionists understand nuance, context and critical thinking—qualities that prevent dangerous misinterpretations.


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